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Quantum Computing: Building Qubits from Silicon
Next-generation computers are expected to be based on principles from quantum computing. Computers of the future are expected to be able to performs many orders of magnitude faster than the computers we use today.
While the foundation of computers today is the use of bits that take on either a value of 1 or 0, quantum computers are based on qubits which also can take value of 1 or 0, but other quantum mechanical rules come into play that allow the possibility of a mixed state where both 0 and 1 are simultaneously superimposed.
Much of today’s quantum computing research is focused on constructing computers that operate at very cold temperatures and which use superconducting materials. Reports of quantum computing experiments performed by Google and IBM, for example, are based on superconducting materials. But other researchers are exploring the use of silicon and other semiconductors which would enable quantum computing to be possible at higher temperatures.
There have been recent research that report breakthroughs in getting qubits to communicate with each other. A group at Princeton developed a way for qubits to interact and transmit messages at relatively large distances.
James Clarke, director of quantum hardware at Intel, said that “the wiring or ‘interconnects’ between multiple qubits is the biggest challenge towards a large scale quantum computer.”
Jason Petta, professor at Princeton, said that “the ability to transmit messages across this distance on a silicon chip unlocks new capabilities for our quantum hardware. The eventual goal is to have multiple quantum bits arranged in a two-dimensional grid that can perform even more complex calculations. The study should help in the long term to improve communication of qubits on a chip as well as from one chip to another.”
